[Modern India] Non Cooperation Movement

Ghandhian Phase

• Ghandhiji arrived India in 1915 from South Africa.

• In 1916, he founded the Sabarmathi Ashram at Ahmedabad
• Three major events
1. Champaran Sathyagraha (1917) Bihar
2. Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)`UP
3. Kheda Satyagraha (1918) Gujarat

Champaran Sathyagraha (1917)

• The peasant were forced to cultivate indigo 3/20th of their land and to sell it with the price fixed by the European planters.
• Persons who took active part along with Gandhiji were:
• Rajendra Prasad
• Mazhar-ul-Huq
• J.B. Kripalani
• Narhari parekh
• Mahadev Desai

• Government formed a committee to enquire which also included gandhiji as a member.

Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)

• Demand for 35% increase in wage.
• Gandhiji undertook fast.
• The mill owners accepted the demand at the end.

Kheda Satyagraha (1918)

• The government demanded full land revenue even though there was a crop failure.
• Ghandhiji advised the peasants to withhold payment.
• Finally, government ordered to collect payment only from those who can afford.

• Sardar Vallabhai Patel was one among those who took active part.

Rowlatt Act (March 1919)

• The Rowlatt act , gave powers to arrest and detain without trail for period upto 2 years.
• It also suspended the right of Habeas Corpus.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 1919)

• To protest against the arrest of leaders Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal, people assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar, Punjab).
• General Dyer order to open fire.
• Hunter Commission were appointed to enquire the case.
• Rabindranath tagore renounced his Knightwood to show his protest on this issue.